The recommended vernalization process for annual production involves exposing 4-6 leaf seedlings (approximately 6-8 weeks old) to an environment that is 45-50 ☏ for at least 10 days. Thinned artichoke seedlings 3 weeks after seeding.Īrtichokes vary in their chill requirements, with most cultivars needing exposure to 250-500 hours below 50 ☏. Trays were moved off heating mats 3 weeks after seeding. Trays were maintained on heated mats at 75-80 ☏ until seeds germinated, and then mat temperature was lowered to 65-70° F. Two or three seeds were placed into 50-cell trays filled with Coast of Maine Bar Harbor Blend media. Cultivars included Colorado Star, Green Globe Improved, Imperial Star, Tavor, and Wonder. In 2021, five globe artichoke cultivars were grown at the University of Maine’s Highmoor Farm in Monmouth, ME. The smaller buds comprise the majority of buds that a plant produces. Buds that form at plant axials further down on the plant are “secondary” buds, which are edible but smaller in size. However, only several buds per plant will be “primary” buds, which typically are large enough in diameter to market individually. Properly vernalized plants commonly produce 10-20 buds per plant, and occasionally more than this. The harvestable component of artichokes are buds that, if left unharvested, will mature into vibrant purple inflorescences. In order to produce buds in their first year, artichoke seedlings must undergo vernalization (exposure to cold temperatures). They are not reliably winter hardy in Maine and are instead grown as annuals from seed. In Maine and New England, artichokes can be found on farm stands and in backyard gardens.Īrtichokes are perennial plants and members of the Asteraceae family, which also includes lettuce, thistles, chicories, and sunflowers. However, pockets of commercial artichoke production are developing in Texas and other regions. Monterey County, California produces the vast majority of US-grown artichokes. scolymus) are native to the Mediterranean region, which continues to dominate production globally.
Globe artichokes ( Cynara cardunculus var. Mark Hutton, University of Maine Cooperative Extension Vegetable Specialist Peyton Ginakes, University of Maine Cooperative Extension Research Associate
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